Demonstrative pronouns:
That

English	Arabic
that boy	ذَلِكَ الولدُ
that pen	ذلك القلمُ
that car	تلك السيارةُ

'That'

The Arabic equivalent for the English 'that' is ذلك. It is usually followed by a definite noun, to which it agrees in gender and number.

Just as 'that' in English, ذلك is used to refer to a person/object that is far. It is itself definite and can be used as the first part of a nominal sentence as we will later learn.

Not pronounced as written

Though it is written as ذلك, it is actually pronounced as ذالِكَ, with the short vowel on the ذ to be considered as a long one.

Feminine form: تلك

Whereas in English 'that' is used with all genders, in Arabic ذلك is used with masculine only, and for the feminine, the feminine form تِلْكَ is used. However, it is pronounced just as it is written.

Final vowel does not change

The final vowel of each form is fixed and does not get changed if preceded for example by a preposition. Instead, it is the following noun that is affected by whatever precedes ذلك/تلك.

English	Arabic
for that boy	لذلك الولدِ
in that car	في تلك السيارةِ
I bought that car	اشتريتُ تلك السيارةَ

In a nominal sentence

ذلك/تلك and its accompanying definite noun together can form the first part of a nominal sentence.

English	Arabic
that boy is intelligent	ذلك الولدُ ذكيٌّ
that girl is beautiful	تلك البنتُ جميلةٌ

As stated earlier, ذلك is definite in itself, and can thus be used as the first part of a nominal sentence. Since the second part of a nominal sentence is indefinite, it will be followed by an indefinite noun, contrary to what is seen in the examples given so far.

English	Arabic
that is a pen	ذلك قلمٌ
that is a ruler	تلك مِسْطَرةٌ

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Other topics availabe on this site:

Arabic alphabet — Indefinite nouns — Definite nouns — Nominal sentences
Adjectives — Feminine — Singular pronouns — Dual nouns — Dual pronouns
Basic declension of nouns — Demonstrative: This — Demonstrative: That
Plural — Plural pronouns — Preposition — There is/are — To have
Possessive case — Broken Plural — Possessive Adjectives